使用基线指标预测老年人认知衰退的广告病态,脑血管疾病和神经退化

Hazard Ratios in the MCItoAD Group Hazard ratios and their upper and lower limits from both individual and fully adjusted models for the MCItoAD group with age adjustment. Individual models, WMH, hippocampal volume, and whole-brain volume, and the fully adjusted model were TIV adjusted. The proportional hazards assumption was met in all individual models (p > 0.05, all tests) excluding hippocampal volume, so a time varying coefficient (TVC) was included to account for this. In the fully adjusted model, this assumption was not met for whole-brain volume or for hippocampal volume (p < 0.05, both tests) and was accounted for with a TVC correction. A TVC correction was also applied to age. The individual bars visually represent these HRs along with their uncertainty around the estimate (upper and lower limits). Bars below 1 highlight that decreased levels of the biomarker are associated with progression, whereas bars above 1 highlight that increased levels of the biomarker are associated with progression. Bars crossing 1 are not significantly associated with clinical progression. AD = Alzheimer disease; HR = hazard ratio; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; WMH = white matter hyperintensities.