August 22, 2023; 101 (8) Contemporary Issues in Practice, Education, & Research
Consensus Competencies for Postgraduate Fellowship Training in Global Neurology
View ORCID ProfileNicoline Schiess, View ORCID ProfileViolet Kulo, Pria Anand, David R. Bearden, Aaron L. Berkowitz, View ORCID ProfileGretchen L. Birbeck, View ORCID ProfileAnna Cervantes-Arslanian, Phillip Chan, Lorraine Chishimba Chishimba, Felicia C. Chow, Isabel Elicer, Agnes Fleury, Aarti Kinikar, Michelle Kvalsund, View ORCID ProfileFarrah J. Mateen, Amir A. Mbonde, Ana-Claire L. Meyer, Cumara B. O'Carroll, Adesola Ogunniyi, Archana A. Patel, Michael Rubenstein, Omar K. Siddiqi, Serena Spudich, View ORCID ProfileSean A. Tackett, Kiran T. Thakur, Nirali Vora, Joseph Zunt, View ORCID ProfileDeanna R. Saylor
First published March 30, 2023, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000207184
Nicoline Schiess
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MPHViolet Kulo
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
EdD, MSPria Anand
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MDDavid R. Bearden
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MDAaron L. Berkowitz
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, PhDGretchen L. Birbeck
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MPH, DTMHAnna Cervantes-Arslanian
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MDPhillip Chan
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MBChB, PhDLorraine Chishimba Chishimba
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MMEDFelicia C. Chow
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
BA, MD, MASIsabel Elicer
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MDAgnes Fleury
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, PhDAarti Kinikar
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MBChB, MD, MRCPMichelle Kvalsund
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
DO, MSFarrah J. Mateen
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, PhDAmir A. Mbonde
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MBChB, MMEDAna-Claire L. Meyer
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MSHSHCumara B. O'Carroll
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MPHAdesola Ogunniyi
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MDArchana A. Patel
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MPHMichael Rubenstein
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MDOmar K. Siddiqi
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MPHSerena Spudich
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MASean A. Tackett
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MPHKiran T. Thakur
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MDNirali Vora
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MDJoseph Zunt
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MPHDeanna R. Saylor
From the Department of Neurology (N.S., A.-C.L.M., D.R.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Health Professions Education (V.K.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (P.A., A.C.-A.), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Child Neurology (D.R.B.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Educational Psychology (D.R.B.), University of Zambia, Lusaka; Department of Neurology (A.L.B., F.C.C.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (G.L.B., M.K.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; University of Zambia School of Medicine (G.L.B., M.K., O.K.S.), Lusaka; SEARCH (P.C.), Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; University Teaching Hospital (L.C.C., D.R.S.), Lusaka, Zambia; Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río (I.E.), Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (A.F.), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (A.F.), Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology (A.K.), B.J. Government Medical College, Pune, India; Department of Neurology (F.J.M., A.A.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Internal Medicine (A.A.M.), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda; Department of Neurology (C.B.O.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Department of Medicine (A.O.), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child Neurology (A.A.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (M.R.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (O.K.S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine (S.A.T.), Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.T.T.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.V.), Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
MD, MHSConsensus Competencies for Postgraduate Fellowship Training in Global Neurology
Nicoline Schiess, Violet Kulo, Pria Anand, David R. Bearden, Aaron L. Berkowitz, Gretchen L. Birbeck, Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Phillip Chan, Lorraine Chishimba Chishimba, Felicia C. Chow, Isabel Elicer, Agnes Fleury, Aarti Kinikar, Michelle Kvalsund, Farrah J. Mateen, Amir A. Mbonde, Ana-Claire L. Meyer, Cumara B. O'Carroll, Adesola Ogunniyi, Archana A. Patel, Michael Rubenstein, Omar K. Siddiqi, Serena Spudich, Sean A. Tackett, Kiran T. Thakur, Nirali Vora, Joseph Zunt, Deanna R. Saylor
Neurology Aug 2023, 101 (8) 357-368; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207184
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Abstract
Background and Objectives Use a modified Delphi approach to develop competencies for neurologists completing ≥1 year of advanced global neurology training.
Methods An expert panel of 19 United States–based neurologists involved in global health was recruited from the American Academy of Neurology Global Health Section and the American Neurological Association International Outreach Committee. An extensive list of global health competencies was generated from review of global health curricula and adapted for global neurology training. Using a modified Delphi method, United States–based neurologists participated in 3 rounds of voting on a survey with potential competencies rated on a 4-point Likert scale. A final group discussion was held to reach consensus. Proposed competencies were then subjected to a formal review from a group of 7 neurologists from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with experience working with neurology trainees from high-income countries (HICs) who commented on potential gaps, feasibility, and local implementation challenges of the proposed competencies. This feedback was used to modify and finalize competencies.
Results Three rounds of surveys, a conference call with United States–based experts, and a semistructured questionnaire and focus group discussion with LMIC experts were used to discuss and reach consensus on the final competencies. This resulted in a competency framework consisting of 47 competencies across 8 domains: (1) cultural context, social determinants of health and access to care; (2) clinical and teaching skills and neurologic medical knowledge; (3) team-based practice; (4) developing global neurology partnerships; (5) ethics; (6) approach to clinical care; (7) community neurologic health; (8) health care systems and multinational health care organizations.
Discussion These proposed competencies can serve as a foundation on which future global neurology training programs can be built and trainees evaluated. It may also serve as a model for global health training programs in other medical specialties as well as a framework to expand the number of neurologists from HICs trained in global neurology.
Glossary
- AAN=
- American Academy of Neurology;
- ANA=
- American Neurological Association;
- HIC=
- high-income country;
- LMIC=
- low- and middle-income country
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
Submitted and externally peer reviewed. The handling editor was Associate Editor Rebecca Burch, MD.
- Received September 18, 2022.
- Accepted in final form January 27, 2023.
- © 2023 American Academy of Neurology
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