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A common theme in all of Shakespeare’s tragedies is the struggle with internal and external forces of evil. Determining the source of evil, internal or external, can be a difficult task for the reader. In Julius Caesar, Brutus is seen as the conflicted evil friend who kills Caesar to save Rome, but only because he saw Caesar as a potential threat to freedom. King Lear’s children are often seen as evil, but it is Lear’s pride that leads him to give away his kingdom too early. Coriolanus’ greatness as a warrior is not only the source of his heroic grandeur, but also of a self-destructive evil. He dies embracing his narcissism to the very end, with the help of a very self-righteous and evil mother.
In this issue of Neurology, the provocative article by Whalley et al.1 forces us to consider whether AD is a developmental process beginning at conception or whether it is a disease acquired en route to old age. To draw a parallel with Shakespeare, is the evil internal (developmental) or external (acquired)? A cohort of individuals born in Scotland in 1921 underwent intelligence tests at age 11 years in 1932, while attending school. The authors then …
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