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Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are G protein-coupled receptors expressed by many cell types, including immune and neural cells. These receptors are promising targets for immunomodulatory and possibly neuromodulatory therapies. Fingolimod (FTY720) is a sphingosine analog that, when phosphorylated, becomes a prototypical S1PR modulator. It has recently been approved as the first oral treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in some countries. Fingolimod has documented effects on lymphocyte egress, selectively retaining lymphocytes within the lymph nodes. In addition, fingolimod can enter the CNS and can act on S1PRs expressed by most neural lineages. In this article, we discuss recent results supporting the concept that S1PR modulators may exert neuroprotective and regenerative actions in the CNS as well as having anti-inflammatory effects.
Footnotes
This Neurology® supplement is not peer-reviewed. Information contained in this Neurology® supplement represents the opinions of the authors. These opinions are not endorsed by nor do they reflect the views of the American Academy of Neurology, Editor-in-Chief, or Associate Editors of Neurology®.
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- BBB
- blood–brain barrier
- EAE
- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- ERK
- extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- IL
- interleukin
- MS
- multiple sclerosis
- MCP-1
- monocyte chemoattractant proein-1
- OPCs
- oligodendrocyte precursor cells
- S1P
- sphingosine 1-phosphate
- S1P1–5
- sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1–5
- S1PRs
- sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors.
- Copyright © 2011 by AAN Enterprises, Inc.
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