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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin G (IgG)–associated encephalomyelitis (EM) is a rare autoimmune disorder that displays substantial clinicoradiologic overlap with aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and classic multiple sclerosis (MS).1–3,e1 The long-term outcome is often poor.2,3,e1 Recent evidence suggests that many disease-modifying agents approved for the treatment of MS may be ineffective or even harmful in AQP4-IgG-positive and MOG-IgG-positive patients.2–4
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgment: The authors thank Anna Eschlbeck and Kathrin Schanda for technical assistance.
Footnotes
Supplemental data at Neurology.org
Author contributions: B.W., R.D., M.K.-K., A.S., A.V., and S.H. were involved in patient care and provided clinical and/or radiological data. S.J. and M.R. performed and interpreted immunoassays. B.W. and S.J. wrote the manuscript. R.D., M.K.-K., A.S., and A.V. critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Study funding: The work of Brigitte Wildemann was supported by the Dietmar-Hopp-Stiftung.
Disclosure: B. Wildemann reports grants from Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, grants from Dietmar Hopp Stiftung, grants from Klaus Tschira Stiftung, and grants and personal fees from Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, TEVA Pharma, and Sanofi Genzyme. S. Jarius and A. Schwarz report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. R. Diem reports grants from Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and grants from Gemeinnützige Hertie Stiftung. A. Viehöver and S. Hähnel report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. M. Reindl reports that the Neurological Research Laboratory (Medical University of Innsbruck and Tirol Kliniken, MR) receives payments for antibody assays (AQP4- and anti-neuronal antibodies) and for AQP4- and MOG-antibody validation experiments organized by Euroimmun (Germany). M. Korporal-Kuhnke reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript.Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures.
- Received November 15, 2016.
- Accepted in final form March 27, 2017.
- © 2017 American Academy of Neurology
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