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Risk behaviors are a number of activities (e.g., smoking, alcohol use, drugs use) that lead to a health hazard that are somehow not rationally controlled. However, despite the common knowledge that such behaviors can lead to long-term consequences, they provide a short-term reward that some individuals may find more fulfilling than long-term self-preservation behaviors. Dopaminergic terminals and pathways likely play a major role in such behaviors, but it is less clear whether genetic predisposition, environmental factors, or both are responsible for our decisions and behaviors. Likewise, the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD) can be determined by a tight relationship among genes, environment, and dopaminergic dysfunction.
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