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Abstract
Objectives To assess the frequency and determinants of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts in adults with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and controls, as well as the changes after NT1 management and the risk factors of major depressive episode (MDE) and suicide risk (SR) in NT1.
Methods Two hundred ninety-seven patients with NT1 (age 39 ± 17 years, 172 drug-free) and 346 controls (age 38 ± 16 years) underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation including the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) self-questionnaire, with 1 item on suicidal thoughts. One hundred one drug-free patients with NT1 completed the BDI-II a second time during treatment. In 162 patients with NT1, the face-to-face Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was performed to formally diagnose current MDE and SR.
Results BDI-II total scores were higher in patients with NT1 than controls and in untreated than treated patients. Patients with moderate to severe BDI-II scores (24.9%) were less educated, were more frequently obese, and had more severe narcolepsy symptoms, more autonomic dysfunctions, and poorer quality of life. Results were unchanged in models adjusted for NT1 medication intake. Suicidal thoughts were more frequent in untreated patients than controls (22.7% vs 12.4%). Patients with suicidal thoughts were more likely to be men and to have more severe narcolepsy symptoms. After narcolepsy management, BDI-II total score and suicidal thoughts decreased. MDE was diagnosed in 29 (18.1%) and SR in 27 (16.9%) patients.
Conclusions Depression, depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts, and SR were frequent in patients with NT1, especially those without treatment, and were associated with NT1 severity. Depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts improved after NT1 management.
Glossary
- BDI=
- Beck Depression Inventory;
- CI=
- confidence interval;
- DSM-IV=
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition;
- EDS=
- excessive daytime sleepiness;
- EQ-5D=
- European Quality of Life 5-dimensions;
- ESS=
- Epworth Sleepiness Scale;
- ISI=
- Insomnia Severity Index;
- MINI=
- Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview;
- MSLT=
- Multiple Sleep Latency Test;
- NSS=
- Narcolepsy Severity Scale;
- NT1=
- narcolepsy type 1;
- OR=
- odds ratio;
- ORX=
- orexin;
- PSG=
- polysomnography;
- SCOPA-AUT=
- Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease–autonomic dysfunction;
- SOREM=
- sleep-onset REM period
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
CME Course: NPub.org/cmelist
- Received February 14, 2020.
- Accepted in final form June 12, 2020.
- © 2020 American Academy of Neurology
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