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Abstract
Background and Objective We investigated the associations between the APOE genotype, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and neuroimaging markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
Methods We included patients from a prospective, multicenter UK observational cohort study of patients with ICH and representative UK population controls. First, we assessed the association of the APOE genotype with ICH (compared with controls without ICH). Second, among patients with ICH, we assessed the association of APOE status with the hematoma location (lobar or deep) and brain CT markers of CAA (finger-like projections [FLP] and subarachnoid extension [SAE]).
Results We included 907 patients with ICH and 2,636 controls. The mean age was 73.2 (12.4 SD) years for ICH cases vs 69.6 (0.2 SD) for population controls; 50.3% of cases and 42.1% of controls were female. Compared with controls, any APOE ε2 allele was associated with all ICH (lobar and nonlobar) and lobar ICH on its own in the dominant model (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13–1.7, p = 0.002 and OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.1–2.04, p = 0.01, respectively) but not deep ICH in an age-adjusted analyses (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.97–1.63, p = 0.08). In the cases-only analysis, the APOE ε4 allele was associated with lobar compared with deep ICH in an age-adjusted analyses (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.1–2.2, p = 0.01). When assessing CAA markers, APOE alleles were independently associated with FLP (ε4: OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.04–2.93, p = 0.04 and ε2/ε4: 2.56, 95% CI 0.99–6.61, p = 0.05). We did not find an association between APOE alleles and SAE.
Discussion We confirmed associations between APOE alleles and ICH including lobar ICH. Our analysis shows selective associations between APOE ε2 and ε4 alleles with FLP, a CT marker of CAA. Our findings suggest that different APOE alleles might have diverging influences on individual neuroimaging biomarkers of CAA-associated ICH.
Glossary
- CAA=
- cerebral amyloid angiopathy;
- CROMIS-2=
- Clinical Relevance of Microbleeds in Stroke;
- cSS=
- cortical superficial siderosis;
- FLP=
- finger-like projections;
- ICH=
- intracerebral hemorrhage;
- MRC NSHD=
- Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development;
- SAE=
- subarachnoid extension;
- SVD=
- small vessel disease
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work as co–senior authors.
Submitted and externally peer reviewed. The handling editor was José Merino, MD, MPhil, FAAN.
- Received October 13, 2021.
- Accepted in final form April 28, 2022.
- © 2022 American Academy of Neurology
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