生力的影响的硬膜外neuroprosthesis在脊髓损伤的一个个体

Epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) configuration and cardiorespiratory outcomes during exercise (A) Conventional X-ray confirms anatomical position (vertebrae levels T11–L1) of 16-electrode array. (B) Preset stimulation parameters and electrode configurations (red is cathode, blue is anode, white is inactive) target specific muscle groups as demonstrated in panel (C). ▲ Denotes abdominal-specific program. ♦ Denotes cardiovascular-specific program. Preliminary surface EMG testing was performed in a seated position, whereby a concurrent stepwise increase in stimulation intensity (i.e., 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 V) was applied for each electrode configuration (C). Blue dashed line indicates low-intensity (LI; beneath the threshold to elicit first motor activation) stimulation. Green dashed line indicates high-intensity (HI; highest intensity tolerated) stimulation. Absolute (D) and relative (E) V̇O₂ peak and peak oxygen pulse (F) values were similar during no ESCS trials (as demonstrated by the negligible intertrial coefficients of variation [CV_inter]), yet were improved with ESCS. Percentage change values with ESCS relative to control trials are displayed. It was not possible to calculate peak oxygen pulse for one HI ESCS trial due to heart rate monitor malfunction. (G) Robust differences, relative to control trials, were observed in peak ventilation using the abdominal stimulation program. (H) The cardiovascular ESCS program increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 14 mm Hg prior to exercise, with no additive effect of increasing stimulation intensity. (I) RPE for a given power output (60 W) was also lower with ESCS. LBF = left bicep femoris; LEO = left external obliques; LES = left erector spinae; LMG = left medial gastrocnemius; LRA = left rectus abdominis; LRF = left rectus femoris; LTA = left tibialis anterior; RPE = rating of perceived exertion.