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Advances in neuroimaging have opened new avenues for detecting brain abnormalities from intricate details of focal microstructural disorganization to changes in widely distributed networks. Advanced image analysis techniques can help quantify the extent of white matter injury (WMI), a major source of cognitive impairment in a variety of pediatric and adult neurologic diseases.1–3 WMI is common in preterm infants and has been associated with subsequent cognitive and motor abnormalities in affected children.4,5 Accurate, objective measurement of WMI is challenging in preterm neonates due to the lack of normative brain atlases, while reliable evaluation of the extent of such abnormalities by visual analysis is highly dependent on the subjective experience of the reader. While new techniques of automated lesion identification are emerging,6 we are likely years away from such approaches being fully validated and implemented for routine, widespread clinical application.
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Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
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- © 2019 American Academy of Neurology
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