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Abstract
Objective Unilateral onset of parkinsonism due to nigrostriatal damage of the contralateral hemisphere is frequent in Parkinson disease (PD). There is evidence for a left-hemispheric bias of motor asymmetry in right-handed patients with PD indicating a hemispheric dominance. Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) constitutes the prodromal stage of PD and other synucleinopathies. To test the hypothesis that right-handed patients with IRBD exhibit left-hemispheric predominance of subclinical nigrostriatal dysfunction, we evaluated this aspect using neuroimaging instruments.
Methods In 167 right-handed patients with IRBD without parkinsonism, we evaluated in each hemisphere the integrity of the striatal dopaminergic terminals by dopamine transporter (DAT)-SPECT and the substantia nigra echogenicity by transcranial sonography.
Results DAT-SPECT showed lower specific binding ratio (SBR) in the left striatum and left caudate nucleus than in the right striatum and right caudate nucleus. The percentage of patients with lower SBR was greater in the left striatum and left caudate nucleus than in the right striatum and right caudate nucleus. In those who developed a synucleinopathy in <5 years from DAT-SPECT, there was a lower SBR in the left putamen and left caudate nucleus than in the right putamen and right caudate nucleus. Substantia nigra echogenic size was greater in the left than in the right side in patients with hyperechogenicity and among individuals who phenoconverted in <5 years from transcranial sonography.
Conclusion Right-handed patients with IRBD exhibit left-hemispheric predominance of subclinical nigrostriatal dysfunction. In premotor PD, the neurodegenerative process begins asymmetrically, initially impairing the nigrostriatal system of the dominant hemisphere.
Glossary
- DAT=
- dopamine transporter;
- DLB=
- dementia with Lewy bodies;
- 123I-FP-CIT=
- 123I-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-nortropane;
- IRBD=
- isolated REM sleep behavior disorder;
- MDS-UPDRS-III=
- Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale;
- MSA=
- multiple system atrophy;
- PD=
- Parkinson disease;
- RBD=
- REM sleep behavior disorder;
- SBR=
- specific binding ratio;
- SN=
- substantia nigra;
- TCS=
- transcranial sonography;
- VOI=
- volume of interest
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
- Received March 24, 2019.
- Accepted in final form October 17, 2019.
- © 2020 American Academy of Neurology
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