珍珠和Oy-sters:瞬态霍纳综合征与自主反射失调有关

Patient photograph and schematic(A) Photograph of the patient during the episode of autonomic dysreflexia. There was noticeable flushing of the left side of his face and upper part of his chest. His right pupil was constricted (miosis), and the right side of his face was pale and dry. (B) Schematic diagram of the autonomic innervations of the eye for Horner syndrome in the present case. A posterolateral hypothalamic neuron (dashed line) descends into the brainstem and intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, and synapses on spinal sympathetic preganglionic neurons localized within the cervical and thoracic levels of the spinal cord. Axons of these neurons (preganglionic fibers [a], dotted line) leave the spinal cord and synapse on postganglionic neurons within the superior cervical ganglion (b). Finally, sympathetic postganglionic fibers (solid line) innervate the target organ. Neural fibers for sweating of the face, except the medial forehead, travel with the external carotid artery. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers travel with the carotid artery (c) into the cavernous sinus and with the ophthalmic branch (d) of the fifth cranial nerve join the nasociliary branch of the fifth cranial nerve or pass through the ciliary ganglion (e) directly, reaching the eye as long (f) and short (g) ciliary nerves. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (gray lines) arise from the accessory oculomotor nucleus (h), exit as the oculomotor nerve (i), synapse at the ciliary ganglion, and reach the eye as short ciliary nerves. Schematic and portion of figure legend modified and reprinted with permission from the American Journal of Roentgenology.¹