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Systemic, institutional, and organizational barriers and unconscious biases have led to the underrepresentation of women in the medical profession, particularly in academic medicine. Women comprise 40% of faculty in US departments of neurology and only 31% of faculty at the top-ranked programs.1,2 The proportion of women who are full professors among US programs is 21%, and 14% at among top-ranked programs.1,2 In the European Union, 24% of university professors are women.3 In 2018, only 14 women chaired one of the 129 neurology departments in the United States.4 Women are underrepresented in the most visible academic leadership positions, including editorial boards of medical journals. In a cross-sectional study published in this issue of Neurology®, Mariotto et al.5 found that, in 247 neurology journals, only 12% of editors-in-chief, 23% of associate editors, and 21% of editorial board members were women.
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